In general, OECD proposals such as this one involve the creation of agreed-upon rules of the game for international cooperation. They can culminate in formal agreements by countries, for example on combating bribery, on arrangements for export credits, or on the treatment of capital movements. They may produce standards and models, for example in the application of bilateral treaties on taxation, or recommendations, for example on cross-border co-operation in enforcing laws against spam. They may also result in guidelines, for example, on corporate governance or environmental practices.